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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

推动“冷资源”变为“热产业”******

　　作者：常理

　　刚刚过去的2022年，对中国冰雪运动来说无疑是具有划时代意义的一年。2022年初的北京冬奥会和冬残奥会聚焦了全世界冰雪爱好者的目光，冰雪运动在我国打破了时间、空间的限制，实现了3亿人参与的目标，中国冰雪运动进入了新时代。

　　和2023年一起到来的是北京冬奥会过后的第一个雪季。随着疫情防控政策的优化，全国各地冰雪运动持续升温、活力四射：已经是第九届举办的全国大众冰雪季活动，预计将带动全国超1.5亿人次参与；在哈尔滨，松花江面积雪盈尺，冰上撑橇、冰上龙舟、雪地风筝等构成冬日北国别样风景；在上海，10多块季节性移动冰场如雪花般散布；在重庆，仙女山国家森林公园银装素裹，游客们尽享冬季运动的激情与欢乐……

　　行稳方能致远。过去几年，冰雪运动的种子在全国各地生根发芽、开枝散叶，冰雪产业成为不少地方经济发展的新引擎。前不久，中共中央、国务院印发的《扩大内需战略规划纲要（2022—2035年）》明确提出，推进冰雪运动“南展西扩东进”，带动群众“喜冰乐雪”，这彰显了我国持续发展冰雪运动的决心。冰雪运动种类丰富、形式多样，可满足不同年龄、不同门槛的消费人群需求。发挥好冬奥会余热，推动冰雪运动持续健康发展，将有利于我国进一步扩大内需、刺激消费、推动产业转型升级，为地方经济发展增添活力。

　　打好“融合牌”，让产业旺起来。冰雪产业链条长，上游涉及各种冰雪装备、器材，冬奥会上亮相的国产雪车、雪蜡车、冰刀、速滑服等，都是中国制造向冰雪产业拓展的成功案例；下游涉及文化、旅游、培训等行业，集聚了大量资源，“冰雪+”正成为人们冬季休闲健身的新选择。进一步推动冰雪产业与关联产业需求对接、资源整合、协同发展，提供更加多元的产品和服务，打造具有中国特色的冰雪活动和赛事IP，让冰雪运动的激情保持下去，成为全民健身新方式、健康中国新动力、社会活动新时尚。

　　打好“四季牌”，让企业强起来。众所周知，冰雪运动对于季节性的要求很高，一些欧洲国家雪季持续时间较长，雪场经营具备先天优势。在我国，由于气候原因，很多雪场一个雪季的运营时间仅3至4个月。这就要求企业打好“四季牌”，冬季滑雪，春季踏青、夏季避暑、秋季露营，探索冰雪场地建设和季节转换新路径，满足不同季节、不同消费群体的运动休闲需要。目前，中国冰雪市场还处在起步阶段，百姓对于冰雪运动的喜爱需要一个培育过程，企业需要沉下心来，练好内功，不断为冰雪运动发展创造营造良好氛围。

　　打好“民生牌”，让群众富起来。冰天雪地也是金山银山。我国冰雪资源丰富，这些年，各地通过发展冰雪产业，建设了一批冰雪小镇以及冰雪度假胜地，不仅提升了当地知名度，引来投资和消费，还提高了当地老百姓收入水平，促进地方产业转型和经济发展。作为北京冬奥会雪上项目主要竞赛场地之一，崇礼从一个小县城变成了世界闻名的滑雪胜地，不少当地人端起了“雪饭碗”，吃上了“冰雪饭”。因此，要不断推动“冷资源”变为“热产业”，释放冰雪红利，让冰雪运动进一步火起来。（常理）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）